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Gaslighting is a form of psychological manipulation in which someone makes another person doubt their own memory, perception, or sanity, often through persistent lying, denial, and distortion of reality. Detailed Explanation Gaslighting involves deliberate tactics that gradually undermine a person’s confidence in their ability to perceive reality accurately. It is commonly seen in abusive relationships, workplaces, families, and other interpersonal contexts. Psychology Today Psychology Today Key Characteristics Persistent denial of facts: The gaslighter denies events or statements that clearly occurred. Encyclopedia Britannica Encyclopedia Britannica Distortion of reality: They insist on a false narrative, making the victim question their own judgment. Merriam-Webster Merriam-Webster Blaming and belittling: Victims may be told they are “too sensitive,” “imagining things,” or “crazy.” clevelandclinic.org clevelandclinic.org Isolation: Gaslighters often isolate victims from supportive people or information sources. Encyclopedia Britannica Encyclopedia Britannica Emotional manipulation: The goal is often control, power, or exploitation. Psychology Today Psychology Today Origins of the Term The term comes from the 1938 play Gas Light and its film adaptations (1940, 1944), where a husband manipulates his wife into thinking she is losing her sanity by dimming gas lights and denying it. Merriam-Webster Merriam-Webster Why It’s Harmful Gaslighting can erode self-esteem, create dependency on the manipulator, and severely impact mental health. It is recognized as a form of emotional abuse and often associated with narcissistic behavior. Encyclopedia Britannica Encyclopedia Britannica Gaslighting is widely understood today as a serious pattern of emotional manipulation that disrupts a person’s ability to trust themselves and their reality.
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