I recognize that many dietitians promote the benefits of coffee and caffeine but Paramahansa Yogananda’s advice was to curb the use of stimulants in preference to increase brain function. And that they dull memory and other functions of the brain.
Maybe it depends on the context. Stimulants may mean amphetamines, which at first improve brain functions but in the long run may have adverse effects. Caffeine in excess may provide similar side effects, if milder.
I'll have to consult Sthal's treatise on psychopharmacology. I remember the final effect of coffee is a greater flow of the neurotransmitter dopamine. Which may feel good at first, maybe bad in the long run.
Hubermann the neurologist explained very clearly the collateral effects of excessive caffeine. the advised upper threshold is 300 mg per day, 2-3 typical American coffees probably.