Dear Lucca,
while I think your general assessment on the inter-dependency of health and food-intake is very rational and well reasoned, I have my doubts as for their ability to increase a given life-span.
For whosoever will save his life shall lose it, and whosoever will lose his life for My sake shall find it. - Matthew 16:25
In the sense of Christ's own words, I believe that only a true spiritual liberation attained would possibly enable any increase of a personal life-span. Of course, that's my private opinion only.
Many speculation has been made (as everywhere) on some Masters' lives. - I feel I cannot comment on these.
Hope it helps you a little. - Praying for you and yours!
Uwe, let's assume you are perfectly right, that is, we cannot increase our karmically pre-determined lifespan with better food, exercise, sleep, and stress management.
Then, what about shortening that same lifespan? That's in our power. If we eat too much and the wrong foods, do not exercise, sleep little, or overwork, we are probably going to get ill and maybe die prematurely, before our karmically predetermined time. That because we have created fresh bad karma which overpowers previous karma.
So, by not eating the wrong foods and so on, we can at least avoid a decrease in karmically pre-determined lifespan.
I am more optimistic than you are, that is, we can probably manipulate our health karma by material means and by metaphysical means. But at the same time I agree with you in that I think that if the karma of our death is set very strongly, for example, we should die because of the injuries after an accident, or we carry a strong genetic predisposition for some disease, then the governing factor is the grace of God, gained by prayer and meditation. But that works rarely. More often than not, in some cases, nothing works. Sometimes karma is simply too strong. And that is also right. If we committed some heinous crime in the past, we cannot hope for an easy escape.